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In modern cities, elevators have become an indispensable vertical transportation tool in people's daily lives and work. Whether in residential communities, office buildings, or shopping malls, the safe and stable operation of elevators relies on the coordinated function of various components. However, due to long-term use and environmental factors, the aging of elevator components has become one of the key issues affecting elevator safety and efficiency. This article will systematically analyze the main causes of elevator parts aging and propose scientific and effective prevention methods to help companies and property managers extend equipment life and ensure elevator safety.

1. Hazards of Elevator Component Aging

Elevator component aging refers to the process by which, during long-term operation, physical wear, chemical corrosion, environmental impacts, or improper maintenance lead to a decline in component performance, structural fatigue, and even failure. Component aging is not a sudden problem but a continuous, cumulative process.

The hazards of elevator component aging are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

Increased Safety Risks: Aging of key components such as brakes, wire ropes, and speed governors may lead to elevator malfunction, jamming, or slippage, causing safety accidents.

Reduced Operating Efficiency: An aging control system can result in slow response, inaccurate stopping at floors, and noticeable shaking, affecting the riding experience.

Increased Maintenance Costs: Frequent failures of aging parts not only increase the frequency of repairs but also lead to higher overall operating costs.

Shortened Equipment Lifespan: Failure to replace or maintain aging parts in a timely manner will accelerate the wear and tear of other components, shortening the overall lifespan of the elevator.

Therefore, understanding the root causes of elevator part aging and taking targeted preventative measures is crucial to ensuring the safe and efficient operation of elevators.

2. Main Causes of Elevator Part Aging

2.1 Mechanical Wear Due to Long-Term Operation

Elevators operate frequently, and mechanical components such as guide rails, car slides, door operator mechanisms, and wire ropes are constantly under friction and stress, making them prone to fatigue wear. Especially in large commercial buildings, where elevators are used frequently, the surfaces of parts are subjected to long-term friction, impact, or vibration, gradually developing cracks or deformation, leading to performance degradation.

Typical Aging Components: Guide rail pads, pulley bearings, door operator belts, brake pads, etc.

2.2 Environmental Factors

The environmental conditions of the elevator shaft and machine room significantly affect the rate of part aging.

Excessive humidity can cause electrical components to become damp and metal parts to rust.

Frequent temperature changes can accelerate the aging, hardening, or brittleness of rubber and plastic parts.

Dust and oil in the air can clog moving parts, exacerbating wear.

For example, in coastal areas or high-humidity environments, electronic boards in elevator control cabinets are prone to oxidation due to moisture, leading to short circuits or malfunctions; while in dry northern environments, insufficient lubrication can accelerate metal wear.

2.3 Electrical System Aging

The elevator control system is a core component, involving PLC control boards, relays, cables, and motor drive devices. With increased usage time, electrical components age due to prolonged heating, leading to poor contact or signal delays.

Furthermore, voltage fluctuations, instantaneous inrush currents, and electrostatic interference can also accelerate the wear and tear of electrical components.

Common problems include: button malfunctions, abnormal displays, false alarms in the control system, and delayed door opening and closing.

2.4 Improper Maintenance or Delayed Upkeep

Elevator maintenance is typically performed monthly, but some property management companies or businesses reduce maintenance frequency to save costs or have it performed by non-professionals, leading to the accumulation of hidden dangers. For example: Failure to change lubricating oil in a timely manner can cause dry friction of the guide rails.

The braking system was not inspected regularly, resulting in weakened braking force.

The control system lacked dust protection, causing dust accumulation and overheating of electronic components.

Long-term lack of professional maintenance will leave parts in a sub-healthy state, accelerating aging and even leading to premature failure.

2.5 Improper Usage Frequency and Load

Overloading or frequent starts and stops will place additional burdens on elevator parts. Excessive use will subject traction machines, motors, wire ropes, and other parts to higher stress, shortening their service life.

Furthermore, if the elevator's design load does not match actual use, it can also cause structural deformation, overheating of the transmission system, and other problems, indirectly accelerating part aging.

2.6 Material and Manufacturing Quality Issues

If some elevator parts are sourced from low-quality or uncertified suppliers, their material strength, wear resistance, and workmanship may not meet standards, making them prone to cracking, wear, or fatigue failure during use.

Therefore, selecting high-quality, reputable elevator part suppliers during the procurement process is the first step in preventing premature aging of parts.

3. Prevention Methods for Elevator Part Aging

To address the above problems, scientific maintenance and preventative measures can significantly extend the service life of elevator parts, ensuring the long-term safe and efficient operation of the system.

3.1 Regular Inspection and Scientific Maintenance

Developing a comprehensive elevator maintenance plan is the core means of preventing component aging.

Daily Maintenance: Inspect door operator operation, lighting, emergency stop buttons, ventilation system, etc.

Monthly Maintenance: Focus on checking brakes, traction machine lubricating oil, and control system wiring.

Quarterly and Annual Maintenance: Professionally inspect and clean wire rope tension, speed governor, and safety gear.

Professional maintenance not only detects early signs of aging but also prevents small problems from developing into serious malfunctions.

3.2 Controlling the Operating Environment

Maintaining a good elevator machine room and shaft environment is crucial for delaying component aging.

Humidity Control: Maintain relative humidity between 40% and 70% to prevent electrical components from getting damp.

Cleanliness: Regularly clean dust and oil stains to prevent blockage of guide rails and transmission mechanisms.

Ventilation and Temperature Stability: Control the machine room temperature within the range of 5 to 40°C to avoid temperature differences causing component expansion and contraction.

3.3 Using High-Quality Components

Selecting certified, industry-standard compliant components is an effective way to prevent premature aging.

High-quality parts typically use wear-resistant materials, undergo corrosion protection treatment, and have comprehensive performance testing reports.

Choosing experienced and reputable elevator parts suppliers ensures the procurement of reliable and longer-lasting components.

3.4 Strengthen Electrical System Protection

Configuring voltage stabilizers, surge protectors, and anti-static devices for the control system and motor equipment can reduce aging problems caused by voltage surges and electrical interference. Simultaneously, the operating status of control boards, relays, and contactors should be regularly checked, and any abnormalities should be replaced promptly.

3.5 Rational Use and Load Management

Strictly adhere to the elevator's rated load capacity, avoiding overloading or frequent starts and stops. For commercial elevators used frequently, peak-hour operation plans or traffic diversion can reduce equipment fatigue load.

3.6 Establish Parts Life Records

Use digital management systems or maintenance records to establish life records for critical components (such as traction cables, brakes, door operator systems, etc.), recording operating time, maintenance records, and replacement cycles to facilitate predictive maintenance and risk warnings.

4. Conclusion 

The aging of elevator parts is an inevitable natural process, but through scientific management and effective prevention, the aging rate can be significantly slowed down, ensuring the long-term safe operation of the elevator system. For property management companies, elevator maintenance units, and users, the correct approach is to: Select high-quality elevator parts suppliers to ensure part quality; Establish a systematic maintenance and inspection mechanism; and Use elevators rationally based on the operating environment and load conditions.

Only in this way can the goals of "safe operation, smooth comfort, and long-term durability" be truly achieved, providing reliable protection for people's vertical travel.

As a professional elevator parts manufacturer, Xinlin is committed to providing customers with high-quality, durable, and safe elevator parts, covering braking systems, door operators, control components, and traction systems. With a rigorous quality inspection system and comprehensive after-sales service, Xinlin not only provides elevator maintenance companies with a stable supply of parts but also offers personalized technical support and optimization solutions, helping elevator systems achieve longer lifespans, higher efficiency, and enhanced safety.

http://www.xinlinelevator.com
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